Глоссофобия: как избавиться от страха выступать на публике

Каждый из нас хоть раз в жизни сталкивался с ситуацией, когда нужно выступить перед аудиторией: кто-то прошел через это в школьные годы, а кому-то и по сей день

Глоссофобия: как избавиться  от страха выступать  на публике

Каждый из нас хоть раз в жизни сталкивался с ситуацией, когда нужно выступить перед аудиторией: кто-то прошел через это в школьные годы на уроках литературы, а кому-то и по сей день регулярно приходится готовить доклады на совещаниях. Как перебороть свои страхи и справиться с заданием «на отлично» – далее в нашей статье.

Откуда растут ноги?

Один из самых сильных и наиболее распространенных социальных страхов – глоссофобия. Патологическая боязнь выступать перед аудиторией в той или иной степени присутствует практически у каждого человека, периодически отравляя ему жизнь. Одни сталкиваются с симптомами страха сцены в предвкушении защиты диплома или выступления на научном консилиуме, другие же и вовсе испытывают приступы паники, если возникает необходимость спросить дорогу у незнакомых людей на улице. Почему так происходит?

По словам экспертов, во всем виновата эволюция: страх выступать перед общественностью «перекочевал» к нам от наших первобытных предков. В те времена выжить в одиночку было чем-то из разряда фантастики – первобытный мир отличался особой жестокостью по отношению к беззащитному человеку. Чтобы выжить и хоть как-то прокормить себя и свою семью, люди нуждались в поддержке соплеменников. Именно по этой причине сегодня мы на подсознательном уровне стараемся сделать все возможное, чтобы нас «приняли в стаю» – нам очень сильно нужно одобрение окружающих и нам действительно важно, что о нас подумают другие.

Но существует и другой виновник наших страхов, который селится в наших головах с самого раннего детства. Что самое грустное, глоссофобию прививают нам самые близкие люди – родители. И происходит это в тот самый момент, когда мама, к примеру, отчитывает сына за то, что тот шумит в окружении посторонних людей. Ведь, по ее словам, такое поведение крайне неприлично – хорошие мальчики должны вести себя спокойно и нравятся взрослым только в том случае, когда их не видно и не слышно. А потому не удивительно, что, повзрослев, мы испытываем огромный страх, когда перед нами появляется задача показать свое истинное «Я» перед незнакомой толпой.

Глоссофобия: как избавиться  от страха выступать  на публике

Как организм оратора реагирует на выступление?

Представ перед незнакомой публикой, человек испытывает страх, который тут же отражается на работе практически всех важнейших систем организма.

Прежде всего, под удар попадает сердце: пульс растет и достигает 130 ударов в минуту. Также появляются скачки давления – оно поднимается до 150/95 мм рт. ст. Кровеносная система теряет примерно 20% кислорода, а в кишечнике происходит изменение тонуса – велики шансы столкнуться с медвежьей болезнью. Кроме того, человек моментально становится мокрым: пот начинает выделяться в 2 раза интенсивнее.

Как побороть глоссофобию?

Порой данная проблема заседает в нашем мозгу настолько глубоко, что осознание причин собственных страхов практически никак не способствует борьбе с неуверенностью в себе. И тут следует принимать более радикальные меры.

1. Всячески избавляйся от тревоги. Самовнушение часто недооценивают: чем чаще ты будешь говорить себе, что справишься с заданием на отлично, тем сильнее твой мозг поверит в победу.

2. Не забывай о репетициях. Чем лучше ты заучишь речь, которую нужно будет произнести перед аудиторией, тем меньше неприятных сюрпризов произойдет с тобой во время выступления.

3. Поработай над жестикуляцией. Когда оратор совершенно не использует язык жестов, публике становится скучно.

Глоссофобия: как избавиться  от страха выступать  на публике

4. Подходи к своим страхам с юмором. Представь себе картину, словно твой шеф начинает свистеть и активно швырять в тебя гнилыми помидорами. Главное – картинка в голове должна выглядеть для тебя действительно смешной: юмор является прекрасным лекарством от нервозности.

5. Помни, что люди, которые пришли тебя послушать – твои друзья. Они не желают тебе ничего плохого и уж точно не ждут твоего фиаско. Все присутствующие пришли сюда, чтобы послушать твою речь, а это значит, что им действительно интересно твое выступление.

6. Найди поддержку в аудитории. Выбери среди толпы внимательного слушателя и выступай, словно обращаешься персонально к нему. Так у тебя появятся все шансы превратить волнительное выступление перед публикой в спокойную беседу с заинтересованным человеком.

Расслабляем тело перед выступлением

Психологические приемы избавления от глоссофобии сработают в разы эффективнее, если скомбинировать их с физическими.

1. Качественная утренняя гимнастика. Хорошо отоспавшись перед предстоящим мероприятием (это тоже очень важно!), сделай полноценную зарядку. Занимайся «на совесть»: чем сильнее будет физическая усталость, тем больше гормона счастья выработает твой организм, защитив тебя от нервозности.

2. Правильное дыхание. Перед выходом на сцену обязательно сделай несколько дыхательных упражнений. Не пренебрегай ими: такую практику успешно применяют многие звезды мировой величины. Медленно вдохни, посчитав до десяти. Задержи дыхание на несколько секунд и плавно выдохни.

3. Улыбка. Во-первых, искренне улыбающийся человек всегда располагает к себе окружающих. Даже если растущее напряжение не позволяет настроиться на позитивный лад, заставь себя улыбнуться: ученые давно доказали, что лицевые мышцы имеют обратную связь с головным мозгом, а потому искусственная улыбка очень быстро перерастает в настоящую, заряжая человека и окружающих его людей положительной энергией.

И самое главное – старайся относиться ко всем своим страхам как можно проще. Это жизнь: мы учимся на собственных ошибках и совершенствуемся даже в том случае, когда терпим неудачи. Каждая наша победа или промах – это опыт, а он, как известно, бесценен.

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Наши страхи: как бороться с фобиями?

Наши страхи: как бороться с фобиями?

Страх – вполне естественное и даже рациональное чувство. Не будь его, человек бы просто-напросто не выжил. Но помимо нормального, «позитивного» страха существуют страхи иррациональные и, на первый взгляд, совершенно необоснованные…

Источник: menslife.com

37 комментариев

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