Ученые выделяют 7 действительно гигантских вулканов, каждый из которых таит в себе колоссальную опасность для целых стран и даже континентов
Одним из наиболее противоречивых творений природы по праву можно назвать вулканы: в спящем виде они вызывают восхищение и трепет, но стоит им пробудиться ото сна, тут же превращаются в жестоких разрушителей, сметая на своем пути все живое. Так, ученые выделяют 7 действительно гигантских вулканов, каждый из которых таит в себе колоссальную опасность для целых стран и даже континентов.
Первую строчку в рейтинге занимает Массив Таму: самый огромный вулкан на планете дремлет на дне Тихого океана. В высоту он примерно вдвое ниже своего “собрата” Мауна-Лоа — всего лишь 4,46 километра, но зато объемом обладает самым внушительным — более 2,5 миллионов кубических километров. К слову, открыт он был совсем недавно, всего три года назад. По словам ученых, в последний раз Массив Таму извергался приблизительно 144 миллионов лет назад, став виновником образования большого разлома, разделяющего Японию и современную территорию США. Данный вулкан не просто занимает первую ступень в списке наиболее крупных и глубоких вулканов на Земле — в Солнечной системе ему также практически нет равных.
Вторым среди гигантов оказался Мауна-Лоа, “обитающий” на Гавайях. Вулкан объемом 70 тысяч кубических километров на горных массивах гавайских островов не один: кроме него там расположены еще четыре более мелких вулкана. За последнюю тысячу лет его извержение происходило более 30 раз, и последнее припало на начало девятнадцатого века, стерев с лица планеты целую деревню. Геологи сходятся во мнении, что гавайские острова образовались именно благодаря лаве, извергнутой когда-то Мауна-Лоа.
На третьем месте в рейтинге расположился небезызвестный гигант Килиманджаро, дремлющий в Африке. Его формируют целых три вулкана, выстроившиеся над Кенией и Танзанией. Принципиальное отличие Килиманджаро от двух предыдущих великанов состоит в том, что он относится к активным вулканам. И хотя его последнее извержение случилось 360 000 лет назад, научные работники прогнозируют новую активность в течение ближайших ста лет. Такие выводы были сделаны после того, как ученые обнаружили под вершиной горы Кибо расплавленную лаву. Теперь эксперты пытаются спрогнозировать точную дату извержения, которое способно погубить практически всю Африку.
Четвертую ступень в списке опаснейших гигантов занял Сьерра Негра. Вулкан, имеющий щитовидную форму, залегает на острове Исабела в Галапагосском архипелаге и возвышается на высоту 1 124 метров над уровнем моря. Сьерра Негра может похвастать объемом более 580 кубических километров и является обладателем второго по размеру кратера на нашей планете. Активность вулкана не утихает, а ее существенное увеличение обнаружилось в 2005 году, когда из кратера начали валить облака дыма. Последнее же извержение Сьерра Негра произошло приблизительно 350 лет назад. Стоит отметить, что данный вулкан стал одним из создателей Исабелы — самого крупного из всех Галапагосских островов.
На пятом месте ТОПа оказался один из самых больших действующих вулканов на территории России, полуострове Камчатка – Ичинская Сопка, “поселившийся” среди 29-ти своих активных, но более мелких собратов в центральной части полуострова Камчатка. Гигант имеет объем более 450 кубических километров и за последние 10 000 лет успел извергнуть более 15 миллионов тонн лавы и пепла. Совсем недавно научные работники выяснили, что сели от таяния льда указывают на возрастание активности вулкана. Но при этом эксперты утверждают, что Ичинская Сопка пока никак не угрожает обитателям Камчатки.
Шестое место в рейтинге занимает Везувий, действующий вулкан на юге Италии — тот самый вулкан, который в 79 году нашей эры смел с лица планеты Помпеи. Специалисты до сих пор обнаруживают тела обитателей древнего города, которые не сумели убежать от раскаленной лавы. Если верить исследованиям ученых, вулкан активничает и по сей день. По прогнозам, масштабное извержение может произойти не быстрее, чем через 200 лет, потому как кратер Везувия укрывает огромный слой отложений. В ХХ веке этот гигант стал причиной полного разрушения Сан-Себастьяно и Массуса, в которых обитали приблизительно 5400 и 3100 человек. Что любопытно, вулканическая почва является чрезвычайно плодородной, а потому в древние времена люди регулярно засаживали территорию у подножья вулкана самыми разнообразными сельскохозяйственными культурами. К сожалению, Везувий не был благосклонен к местным жителям, уничтожая такие посевы более 70 раз.
Благодаря своей непрекращающейся активности, данный гигант находится под пристальным вниманием ученых и потому является наиболее изученным и предсказуемым из всех вулканов. Возле Везувия располагается масштабный национальный парк, который каждый год принимает многотысячные толпы гостей со всех уголков планеты.
Завершает ТОП Йеллоустоун, расположенный на территории Йеллоустоунского национального парка, США. Специалисты относят его к разряду супервулканов: по размерам и мощности он в три раза превышает обычные вулканы, являясь самым сильным и мощным на Земле. В 2006 ученые отметили поднятие почвы на 4-6 см в год. Кроме того, на дне Йеллоустоунского озера сформировался достаточно странный рельефный конус. Все эти метаморфозы привели к немалому беспокойству научных работников, и мир заговорил о масштабном извержении, которое может произойти в самое ближайшее время. Специалисты пришли к выводу, что когда-то Йеллоустоун уже извергался с огромнейшей силой. На данный момент этот вулкан не таит в себе опасности для обитателей ближайших регионов.
ЕЩЕ ПО ТЕМЕ
Топ 10 самых страшных мест планеты
Топ 10 самых страшных мест планеты
В стремлении найти нечто новое, неизведанное и, по возможности, леденящее кровь, мы предлагаем вам обойти самые пугающие музеи мира.
Самые разрушительные извержения вулканов
Самые разрушительные извержения вулканов
Кто не слышал о Везувии и Помпее? История этой трагедии прошла сквозь века, и все мы слышали о ней, пусть и не знаем деталей. Извержения вулканов в густо заселенных регионах всегда сопровождались разрушениями и трагедиями…
Вулканические озера разных стран
Вулканические озера разных стран
По завершению извержения вулкана кратер забивается вулканической массой, обломками горной породы. Образуется пробка, которая закрывает кратер очень плотно. И в кратере начинает скапливаться вода, и образуется озеро.
I simply had to thank you very much once more. I do not know what I would’ve accomplished in the absence of the ways shown by you relating to this area of interest. Previously it was the depressing situation in my circumstances, however , coming across the very specialized form you dealt with that took me to weep over contentment. I am grateful for your support as well as hope you comprehend what a great job you’re getting into training the others all through your websites. More than likely you’ve never encountered all of us.
I’m just writing to let you understand what a incredible experience my wife’s daughter found browsing yuor web blog. She even learned many things, including what it’s like to possess a great helping mindset to have others without problems master specified problematic issues. You actually surpassed our own expectations. I appreciate you for showing the good, dependable, revealing and unique thoughts on the topic to Emily.
Thanks a lot for providing individuals with an extraordinarily superb possiblity to check tips from this website. It is usually very useful and also jam-packed with fun for me personally and my office colleagues to search the blog at the very least three times in 7 days to see the fresh guidance you have. Of course, I’m just at all times happy with the remarkable tricks you serve. Some 3 facts on this page are unequivocally the most effective I have had.
I have to show some thanks to the writer for rescuing me from such a scenario. After looking through the world-wide-web and seeing principles that were not pleasant, I figured my life was over. Being alive without the presence of answers to the difficulties you have sorted out by means of your entire guideline is a crucial case, and the ones that could have in a negative way damaged my entire career if I hadn’t noticed your blog post. Your personal mastery and kindness in dealing with all the things was valuable. I am not sure what I would’ve done if I had not encountered such a step like this. I can also now look ahead to my future. Thanks so much for your impressive and amazing help. I won’t think twice to propose your blog to anybody who would like recommendations on this issue.
Needed to post you this bit of remark in order to give many thanks the moment again for your personal incredible tips you have shown in this article. This is quite wonderfully generous with people like you to make easily all that many of us could possibly have offered for sale for an e-book to end up making some dough for their own end, specifically now that you might have done it in case you decided. Those inspiring ideas likewise acted to provide a great way to know that most people have a similar passion like my own to learn much more on the topic of this issue. I’m certain there are several more pleasant instances in the future for people who find out your blog post.
gentle jazz
Needed to create you one tiny note to say thanks a lot once again considering the pleasant secrets you’ve featured in this article. It is so particularly generous of people like you to provide unreservedly what exactly a few people could have sold as an electronic book in making some bucks for their own end, notably since you might well have done it in the event you considered necessary. The suggestions additionally served to become a great way to be certain that most people have similar eagerness just as mine to realize a lot more in regard to this problem. I am certain there are lots of more pleasurable sessions in the future for people who go through your site.
Thank you so much for providing individuals with an extraordinarily remarkable opportunity to check tips from this blog. It is always so sweet and also jam-packed with a great time for me and my office co-workers to search your website at least 3 times in a week to study the latest guides you have got. And of course, I’m just always motivated concerning the breathtaking advice served by you. Selected 3 points in this article are in fact the most beneficial we have all ever had.
I and my friends ended up following the great procedures located on your web site and then immediately I had a horrible feeling I had not thanked the web site owner for those secrets. The young boys appeared to be as a result passionate to read through all of them and have now simply been enjoying them. Appreciation for actually being very helpful and for using this kind of amazing subject matter millions of individuals are really wanting to know about. My very own sincere apologies for not saying thanks to earlier.
I not to mention my buddies ended up examining the best tips and hints found on your web page and so before long developed a horrible feeling I had not expressed respect to you for them. All of the people were definitely absolutely warmed to see all of them and have now quite simply been using these things. I appreciate you for getting well considerate and then for obtaining this kind of essential ideas millions of individuals are really wanting to learn about. Our honest apologies for not expressing gratitude to you earlier.
My wife and i have been really thankful Peter could finish off his researching with the ideas he came across from your own web site. It’s not at all simplistic to simply continually be making a gift of tips and hints which some other people might have been making money from. And we all figure out we have the website owner to give thanks to for this. The specific explanations you’ve made, the straightforward blog navigation, the relationships you aid to promote — it’s many excellent, and it’s really leading our son and our family feel that that topic is satisfying, and that is rather vital. Thank you for the whole lot!
new year jazz music 2024
I definitely wanted to make a word to express gratitude to you for these unique hints you are showing at this site. My time intensive internet research has at the end been compensated with high-quality know-how to exchange with my visitors. I would admit that most of us website visitors actually are unequivocally endowed to exist in a remarkable network with very many brilliant people with useful things. I feel really blessed to have discovered your entire web pages and look forward to so many more entertaining times reading here. Thanks again for all the details.
I simply needed to thank you so much all over again. I am not sure the things I would have created in the absence of the actual tricks shown by you on that area of interest. It previously was a very distressing case in my position, however , seeing a professional strategy you handled the issue forced me to jump for joy. Extremely grateful for your work and even trust you really know what a powerful job you were undertaking training the others by way of a site. I know that you’ve never encountered all of us.
I would like to express some appreciation to you for rescuing me from such a crisis. Just after looking throughout the world wide web and seeing ideas which are not productive, I was thinking my life was done. Living minus the strategies to the problems you’ve solved as a result of your good website is a crucial case, and those that might have negatively damaged my career if I hadn’t discovered the website. The knowledge and kindness in maneuvering all things was priceless. I am not sure what I would’ve done if I had not come across such a thing like this. I can also now relish my future. Thank you very much for this skilled and amazing help. I will not hesitate to suggest your blog post to anyone who needs to have guidelines on this issue.
I have to show my admiration for your generosity for individuals who really need guidance on in this idea. Your real dedication to passing the message all around came to be especially productive and have truly allowed ladies much like me to attain their endeavors. Your amazing invaluable publication implies this much to me and additionally to my peers. Warm regards; from everyone of us.
I enjoy you because of all of your labor on this blog. Gloria delights in participating in investigations and it’s easy to understand why. We all hear all relating to the compelling manner you render practical steps by means of your website and attract response from others on the subject and our favorite princess is always becoming educated so much. Enjoy the remaining portion of the new year. Your performing a good job.
I intended to compose you that bit of word to help give many thanks again over the pleasant basics you have documented on this site. This is really particularly generous of you giving openly just what numerous people would have supplied for an e book in making some dough for their own end, chiefly now that you might well have tried it in case you wanted. These good ideas additionally acted to become great way to be certain that some people have a similar dream the same as my personal own to see many more around this matter. I know there are several more fun occasions in the future for people who check out your blog post.
I not to mention my buddies came reading through the best items located on your website then quickly I got a terrible feeling I never expressed respect to the website owner for them. Most of the young men appeared to be absolutely joyful to read all of them and now have seriously been loving these things. We appreciate you really being quite considerate and then for figuring out varieties of helpful topics millions of individuals are really eager to learn about. Our sincere apologies for not expressing gratitude to earlier.
Thanks a lot for giving everyone such a spectacular opportunity to check tips from here. It’s always so useful and as well , full of a good time for me and my office fellow workers to search your blog the equivalent of 3 times in 7 days to read through the fresh guidance you have. And of course, we are always astounded with all the outstanding principles served by you. Some 3 areas in this posting are unequivocally the most beneficial we have had.
My spouse and i have been now satisfied when Peter managed to finish off his web research via the precious recommendations he came across from your very own weblog. It’s not at all simplistic just to always be making a gift of instructions which usually people today have been making money from. And we already know we need the blog owner to thank because of that. The illustrations you made, the simple website menu, the friendships you will make it possible to instill — it’s got mostly remarkable, and it is making our son in addition to the family reckon that that article is interesting, which is truly important. Thank you for the whole thing!
I as well as my buddies ended up studying the best guidelines from your web blog and so instantly I got a horrible feeling I had not expressed respect to the web site owner for those secrets. All of the guys happened to be totally stimulated to learn them and now have in actuality been loving those things. We appreciate you indeed being so considerate as well as for selecting this form of cool useful guides millions of individuals are really desperate to be aware of. My personal honest apologies for not expressing gratitude to you earlier.
Thanks so much for providing individuals with such a marvellous opportunity to read critical reviews from this blog. It can be so enjoyable and as well , packed with a good time for me personally and my office fellow workers to visit your web site the equivalent of thrice in 7 days to learn the fresh secrets you have got. And lastly, I’m just actually happy with the outstanding tricks you give. Selected 4 ideas in this post are truly the most impressive we have had.
I simply desired to thank you so much yet again. I do not know what I could possibly have implemented without the type of aspects provided by you over such a topic. It became a very fearsome difficulty in my view, nevertheless seeing the skilled style you resolved it made me to jump for fulfillment. Extremely happy for the work and sincerely hope you find out what an amazing job you happen to be doing teaching people today through your blog. I know that you’ve never met all of us.
winter night relaxing jazz music for good sleep
My husband and i have been ecstatic John could do his analysis through the entire precious recommendations he obtained in your web page. It’s not at all simplistic just to possibly be making a gift of ideas which others may have been trying to sell. We really fully understand we need the writer to give thanks to for this. These illustrations you have made, the simple blog navigation, the friendships you can make it easier to promote — it’s most spectacular, and it is aiding our son in addition to our family imagine that this article is cool, and that’s tremendously pressing. Thanks for everything!
I would like to express my appreciation for your kindness giving support to individuals that need help on in this concept. Your very own commitment to passing the message all around has been exceptionally powerful and have helped associates just like me to attain their objectives. This helpful useful information can mean a lot a person like me and still more to my office workers. Best wishes; from everyone of us.
I simply wanted to compose a brief remark so as to say thanks to you for these marvelous pointers you are showing on this site. My extensive internet investigation has at the end been rewarded with high-quality strategies to go over with my relatives. I would declare that many of us website visitors are unquestionably fortunate to live in a useful site with so many brilliant people with very beneficial things. I feel really blessed to have come across your entire webpage and look forward to tons of more fabulous times reading here. Thank you once again for everything.
I have to express some appreciation to this writer just for rescuing me from such a crisis. Right after exploring through the online world and meeting principles which were not productive, I assumed my life was well over. Being alive devoid of the approaches to the difficulties you’ve fixed all through the article is a serious case, as well as ones that could have in a wrong way damaged my career if I had not discovered your web blog. Your main competence and kindness in maneuvering almost everything was useful. I’m not sure what I would have done if I had not come upon such a thing like this. It’s possible to at this point look forward to my future. Thanks for your time very much for this skilled and results-oriented guide. I won’t think twice to refer your site to anyone who will need guidance on this problem.
late night jazz
I have to get across my gratitude for your kind-heartedness supporting people who really need assistance with that concept. Your very own dedication to passing the message across came to be particularly informative and have regularly made guys much like me to achieve their goals. Your new helpful advice denotes so much to me and even more to my colleagues. Warm regards; from everyone of us.
I must show thanks to this writer just for rescuing me from this type of crisis. As a result of browsing through the the web and obtaining opinions that were not powerful, I was thinking my life was over. Being alive minus the strategies to the difficulties you’ve fixed as a result of your blog post is a critical case, and the kind which may have adversely damaged my career if I hadn’t come across your blog post. Your primary know-how and kindness in maneuvering a lot of stuff was very helpful. I am not sure what I would’ve done if I had not encountered such a step like this. I am able to now relish my future. Thank you so much for the reliable and effective help. I won’t be reluctant to suggest the blog to anyone who would need direction on this matter.
It抯 onerous to seek out knowledgeable people on this topic, but you sound like you realize what you抮e talking about! Thanks
I want to express my thanks to this writer for bailing me out of this situation. As a result of checking through the world-wide-web and finding suggestions which are not helpful, I assumed my life was done. Being alive minus the answers to the issues you have resolved by means of your good article is a crucial case, and ones which may have adversely damaged my entire career if I hadn’t encountered the blog. The know-how and kindness in controlling all the stuff was vital. I’m not sure what I would have done if I had not discovered such a thing like this. I can at this moment relish my future. Thanks for your time so much for your expert and sensible help. I will not think twice to propose your site to anybody who should have guide on this subject.
I have to show some appreciation to this writer for rescuing me from such a challenge. Right after looking throughout the search engines and meeting thoughts that were not helpful, I assumed my entire life was well over. Living without the presence of solutions to the issues you’ve resolved all through your good short post is a serious case, and those that might have badly damaged my entire career if I had not noticed your site. Your personal skills and kindness in dealing with everything was vital. I am not sure what I would have done if I hadn’t encountered such a solution like this. I can at this point relish my future. Thank you very much for your skilled and result oriented guide. I will not think twice to suggest your blog post to any individual who should get guidelines on this topic.